New Concept of Floating Unit - Part 2

Previous post present the concept of floating unit. This post will bring you real construction, float off, Load out and Sailing of these floating unit.

(Click photo for better view)

Construction of platform jacket (short cylinder)

(Begin installation of topsite)

(Living quarter installation)

(Construction completion is around the corner)

(Float off & Loadout)

(Sailing...)

(Installed & in Production)

More pictures...Click HERE

Related Topics :

• New Concept of Floating Unit-Part 1
  
• Floating Gas Refinery Unit
• Launching of Wilhelm Busch
  
• Gas Processing, NGL Extraction & LPG Fractionation

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New Concept of Floating Unit - Part 1

I have seen many Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO) either is new build and /or conversion from existing ship. Somehow all FPSO are in rectangle shape with rather sharp head. The other type of Floating Production Unit (FPU) which is in a rather square shape.

The following are some new type of floating platforms. There consist of Floating Accommodation Unit (FAU), Floating Drilling Production Storage Offloading Unit (FDPSOU), Floating Gas Turbine Generator Unit (FGTG) and Floating Mobile Subsea Vehicle Unit (FMSVU).

Floating Accommodation Unit (FAU)

(Click image for better view)

Floating Drilling Production Storage Offloading Unit (FDPSOU)

(Click image for better view)

Floating Gas Turbine Generator Unit (FGTG)

(Click image for better view)


Floating Mobile Subsea Vehicle Unit (FMSVU)
(Click image for better view)

All units are potable and inter-link between each and other. They can be added and relocated according operation demand.

These units have been constructed in YANTAI yard, China in 2005. Next post will includes the actual photos of these units.

Related Topics :

• New Concept of Floating Unit - Part 2
  
• Floating Gas Refinery Unit
• Launching of Wilhelm Busch
  
• Gas Processing, NGL Extraction & LPG Fractionation

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Theme for Blog Action Day - ENVIRONEMENT

Dear all, this coming October 15, a week from today, is Blog Action Day, and the theme of year 2007 is ENVIRONMENT. We, involving in Oil & Gas, Refinery, Petrochemical plant development and operation. We knows there are million of waste gas (those gases aggregate greenhouse effect) discharges to atmosphere. We are slowly destroying our ENVIRONMENT. Of course, many of us are professional and responsible to every creatures in the EARTH. Of course, i know we are trying to our best knowhow to minimize the gas emission...Apart, we should continue our efforts...Raise awareness via blogging is one of the channel.

If you have a blog regardless of what you are blogging about, i would like to invite all of you to participate in celebrating this day.

All you have to do is to post something related to the environment in anyway you likes on Oct 15. You are absolutely FREE on this issue. Example given by the organizer are write anything about environmental which you think is important and carry some meaning to you, gardening, house keeping beach cleaning or neighborhood cleanup...anything story telling which helps to preserve the only EARTH... Podcasting, videobloggong, or photoblogging...ALL are acceptable as long as related to ENVIRONMENT.

Interested ? Register your blog with the 7,000+ other blogs (with 5 million readers!) that are already signed up. Also, see the Blog Action Day blog for more on how bloggers can change the world.

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Gas Processing, NGL Extraction & LPG Fractionation

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Above image shows a typical flow sheets for oil and gas exploration, Liquefied natural gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and condensate production.

General units involved are Oil & gas exploration (sub-sea, top site, onshore), bulk separation, gas treatment prior to Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) extraction, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fractionation, condensate stabilization, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas compression & reinjection, Mono-Ethylene glycol (MEG) regeneration, etc.

The following flash shows all above in a very simple manner. It is very useful to all engineers who just get involved in Oil & gas business. Click HERE for detail text.

Related Topics :

• Slugging and Slugcatcher
  
• Typical Gas Processing Flow Scheme
• Typical Refinery Flow Scheme
• Floating Gas Refinery Unit
  

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Slugging & Slugcatcher

In oil & gas field development, interfiled pipelines widely used to transfer well fluid from Satellite wellhead (SW) to Center Processing Platform (CPP) for pretreatment, conditioning and processing. Partial conditioned gas and partial stabilized condensate will then transfer to onshore plant via pipeline for further processing. Byproduct or waste such as produced water, Mercury, sand, etc are generally removed at CPP. Produced and Mercury will be injected back to reservoir for proper disposal. Collected sand which contaminated with hydrocarbon, mercury, etc will be send to onshore for treatment prior to sand filled.

Slugging
Partial conditioned gas and partial stabilized condensate travel through long distance pipeline will experience frictional loss and heat loss to ambient. These results change in equilibrium state and lead to condensate formation for partial conditioned gas and flashing in partial stabilized condensate. Two phase gas-liquid flow along pipeline will leads to unavoidable non-stable operation e.g. slugging flow.

Hydrodynamic Slugs
Shift in equilibrium results liquid formation or flashing and subsequently leads to slug formation, this type of slugs called Hydrodynamic slugs. Apart, there are other way / operation will results slugs formation.

Terrain Induced Slugs
Slug caused by accumulation and periodic pushing of liquid column along pipeline is called Terrain Induced Slugs. This kind of slug generally observed in severe undulation pipeline and low flow operation.

Flow Induced Slugs
Low flow operation leads to liquid accumulation in the seabed. During production ramp-up, high gas flow force liquid holdup in the pipeline towards receiving facilities. Big slug may form if improper operation of ramp-up activities.

Operational Induced Slugs
Pipeline inspection and maintenance is part of the frequent activity for any pipeline. Pigging will be the general activity to carry pipeline inspection and removal of liquid holdup, debris, sand, mercury, etc accumulated in the pipeline. Severe slugging may occurred during pigging if the pigging activity is improperly managed.

As slug approaching receiving facilities, slug size will grow. Large slug arrived at first receiver will seriously overload the liquid handling capacity and may leads to tripping of receiving facilities. Increase liquid handling capacity to handing intermittent large liquid flow may not be cost effective. Thus generally the first receiver will be designed to temporary store the intermittent slug and it will be treated after the slugging period. This receiver generally called Slug catcher.

Slug catcher is a device normally to carry bulk separation and to temporary store big slugs. There are few types of slug catchers have been designed. The following is a listing of types of slug catcher :

a) Horizontal separator type
b) Vertical separator type
c) Finger type
d) Slug Stabilizer type

Type (a) & (b) are essentially same as conventional horizontal and vertical slug catcher but with built-in slug handling capability.

Horizontal type

Vertical type

Following images show typical finger type and slug stabilizer type slug catcher :

Finger type


Slug Stabilizer type (Innopipe)

Related / References :

• New design improves performance of gas-pipeline drip separators
• Liquid Slug Stabiliser - Another type of slugcatcher
• The Innopipe Inline Separator and Piggable Drip

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BELIEVE it or NOT ?

BELIEVE it or NOT ?

Recently i have received a batch of photo from a friend of mine...Huh...I don't really believe what shows in front of me.

The story started with some offshore platform photo which looks old, lack of maintenance & repair works or scenes after typhoon attacked...

As per the source, this happened in one of the PETRONAS platform in EAST Coast of Malaysia ?

Infact, something unbelievable has happened...

CLICK the photos to view bigger pictures...just wanna to create the effects (i hope)...

DO YOU BELIEVE ?

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Get The Most out of Waste Heat (Exergy approach)

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Chemical & Process plant is energy intensive industry. However, so far waste energy in the form of heat, noise, vibration, etc is dissipated to environment without or with some level of recovery. Example of heat recovery is the waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) located at the Gas turbine flue gas outlet, economizer at the boiler flue gas outlet, etc. Generally the flue gas exit temperature still rather high i.e. 250 degC, as compare to ambient temperature of 30 degC, believe there is still heat can be recovered from temperature perspective. But how much energy can be recovered and it this worth for recovery ? How to measure quantity of heat recovered to generate work ?

Exergy is the term to measure the capability of a hot fluid to produce work.

Get the Most out of Waste Heat

Raynald Labrecque & Kiari Goni Boulame

Above article has described a simplified approach to evaluate the exergy content of a hot waste and estimate amount of useful energy can be recovered from waste gases.

Update :
May 24, 2008 : The FREE download no longer applicable. Only Chemical Engineering member can download the article.

Related Topics

• Sleeving Extends Heat Exchanger Life
  
• Practical Design Tips for Heat Exchanger
  
• Should Forced Draft or Induced Draft Air Cooler be employed on offshore platform ?
• Typical Heat Transfer Coefficient For Air-Cooled Heat
• COLLECTION of Typical Overall Heat Transfer
• COLLECTION of Fouling Factor (FF) use in Heat Exchanger Design
• FAYF - Heat Transfer - Useful Heat Transfer Equation
  

(Recommended...Click here)