Thursday, December 18, 2008

Overview of Surge Analysis and TRAP

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Water hammer or pipeline surge is one of the phenomenon occur so quick (in mili second) without operator notice and aware that the surge has begun, progressed and ended. It some time lead to pipeline damage , leak and catastrophe.

Water hammer and transient flows are used synonymously to describe an unsteady flow of fluids in pipelines, although the former term usually refers to water only. Different types of flow variation can contribute to transients, varying from a single identifiable alteration to an oscillating, periodic, or pulsating disturbance. In pumping stations (where rotary pumps with electric drives are used) and water supply systems, transients are normally governed by a change in the operational status of the pumps or valves, by varying demand experienced by the system, or by unpredictable circumstances such as pipeline or power failures.

The following document provides an overview of the theories describing surge phenomena in close conduit systems. Attention is also given to calculation methods used to determine surge pressures. The value of a holistic procedure (Transient Risk Assessment Procedure, TRAP) to determine the possible causes of surge pressures is emphasized and various measures that can be taken to p event excessive pressures are discussed.

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