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FREE BROCHURES
High Performance and Conventional Trays
SUPERFRAC® High Performance Trays
ULTRA-FRAC® High Performance Trays
TRITON® High Capacity Fractionation Trays
PROVALVE® Valve Trays
FLEXITRAY® Conventional Valve Trays
Tray Technologies
OMNI-FIT® Technology
SPEED-WAY® Manways
SATURN® Technology
Structured Packing
Packing and Internals for Severe Services
Random Packing
Plastic Random Packing
Metal Random Packing
FLEXIMAX® Random Packing
Packed Tower Internals
Metal Packed Tower Internals
Tower Internals Hardware and Services
1. Q: How do you calculate tray capacity? 2. Q: What about flexibility?
3. Q: How do you cost trays?
4. Q: How many flow paths should be specified?
5. Q: How do you calculate diameter?
6. Q: What if existing columns are too small for new operating conditions?
7. Q: Are there considerations of distribution independent of trays?
8. Q: Does top tray feed demand special care?
9. Q: Will all liquid feed streams contain vapor?
10. Q: How do you orient seal pans and nozzles?
11. Q: Are there special considerations for the bottom tray?
12. Q: Should I use reboiler baffles?
13. Q: Are sumps always needed?
14. Q: Should chimney trays be used?
15. Q: What accommodations must be made for flow path changes?
16. Q: Do crude towers require special treatment?
17. Q: Is special attention needed during start-up?
Other Questions
1. Q: What is flooding?
2. Q: What causes flooding?
3. Q: What is jet flood?
4. Q: What causes downcomer flooding?
5. Q: Why does Koch-Glitsch recommend a maximum percent of flood of 80%?
6. Q: Why are so many downcomer sizes used?
7. Q: What is the purpose of recessed inlet sumps under the downcomer?
8. Q: What is the purpose of anti-jump baffles?
9. Q: Why do some tray manufacturers not use downcomer baffles?
10. Q: What is the difference between splash baffles and downcomer anti- jump baffles?
11. Q: When are picket fence weirs used?
12. Q: When are notched weirs useful?
13. Q: What about inlet weirs?
14. Q: When is tray leakage detrimental to the operation of the tray?
15. Q: What is the meaning of unit reference?
16. Q: How is unit reference used?
17. Q: Some manufacturers use 14 and 16 gauge units on alternating rows. Why does Koch-Glitsch use 16 and 12 gauge units, since this is more expensive ?
18. Q: What determines the flexibility of a tray?
19. Q: Which Koch-Glitsch tray has the greatest flexibility?
20. Q: Which has the highest capacity, a valve or sieve tray?
21. Q: If a sieve and valve tray have the same capacity, why are sieve trays not better?
22. Q: Why or when should a bubble cap tray be used?
23. Q: What size bubble cap should be used?
24. Q: What about a tea-cup cap?
25. Q: What about the Koch-Glitsch V-O tray?
26. Q: Why does Koch-Glitsch specify rectangular or square stacks on chimney trays?
27. Q: Why does Koch-Glitsch insist on draw sumps instead of permitting the draw nozzle to be flush with the chimney tray floor?
28. Q: Will liquid flow down the risers of chimney trays in the event of upset conditions?
29. Q: What vapor feed entry is recommended for atmospheric and vacuum crude towers and FCC fractionators?
30. Q: What about mist eliminators?
31. Q: Should mist eliminators have top holddown grids?
32. Q: What is tray efficiency?
33. Q: Under what circumstances are packings chosen over trays?
34. Q: How do Koch-Glitsch packed column design procedures differ from those 01 other manufacturers?
35. Q: What is KGA ?
36. Q: What is the maximum allowable bed depth for a single metal packed bed?
37. Q: What is the maximum allowable bed depth for a single plastic packed bed?
38. Q: Can grid-style support plates be used with plastic packings?
39. Q: Why are tangential entrances recommended for certain tower feeds?
40. Q: How is a flashing feed distributor different?
41. Q: Are packed tower internals less expensive than trays?
42. Q: What is the difference between bed limiters and bed hold-downs?
43. Q: Why don't other manufacturers recommend the use of bed limiters and bed hold-downs?
44. Q: What is the best liquid distributor for a packed tower?
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